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March 01, 2005
Composition (and) (or) Rhetoric
I wrote this first as a comment to Ty's post, but comments get lost easily and I want to open this up in my own space as well.
Last week in 611 we were asked if we "doubted" that rhetoric was privileged over composition in our program. Now, the fact that the question was posed in the negative suggests that we were all supposed to nod in unison and assume the posture of the marginalized. We didn't. We almost unanimously said the opposite. I stayed out of the conversation, for a number of reasons, but in part because it was an undefined, loaded question. It begs some questions:
1. When we say "rhetoric" what exactly are we referring to?
2. When we say "program" are we referring to the CCR program or the Writing Program?
I ask the latter because it is too easy to conflate the two, to perceive the CCR program as a part of the Writing Program, when it is not. Though the lines are sometimes hard to find, CCR is a stand-alone program, that, like the English department, offers Teaching Assistantships to teach in the Writing Program. Coming from English as I do, I find that distinction extremely important.
I ask the former for some of the reasons others have already mentioned above, and for a few others of my own. It is a rare course in this program that actually teaches rhetoric. The Ancient Rhetoric class in the fall gave us a nice overview of the field of rhetoric, from Plato through Burke and other more recent folk. But the "rhetoric" courses I've had up to this point fall more into that distinction of "rhetorics of..." than actual courses in the study or learning of rhetoric. We don't learn or practice rhetoric as an art form, don't present speeches, or share "themes" or other work that would resemble for me the actual learning of rhetoric. We study other's writing and take up rhetorical analysis, which comes with its own variety of methods.
So, just to be a bit feisty (or as Dianna has dubbed me, to fulfill my role as a shameless agitator...) I would argue that rhetoric is not privileged in our program. I would further argue some of our faculty members privilege critical theory over just about anything, and it often appears in classes that have "rhetoric" in the title. Cultural Rhetoric sometimes seems to be cultural studies and critical theory.
Derek was right about the jobs that our graduates go on to, that they are composition based, or writing program director aimed. I think this is in part a result of the kinds of jobs that are available (comp/rhet job listings tend to talk a whole lot more about comp than about rhetoric). Most comp/rhet folks hired into English departments are asked to teach different kinds of composition, from FYC to technical writing and other genres in between. But seldom have I seen a posting that asks the candidate to be prepared to teach rhetoric courses. And even if such a posting existed, nothing I've learned in graduate school leaves me feeling prepared to teach such a course.
Robert Connors writes in several places in Composition-Rhetoric: Backgrounds, Theory, and Pedagogy about speech and communication breaking off from English, and rhetoric going with the comm folks. Look at our own school: CCR may be housed with the writing program and part of A&S, but Communication and Rhetorical Studies is part of a different college. That seems worth interrogating on its own. The way rhetoric is taught and discussed in those courses is different than they way we take it up - as evidenced from Ty's comments in this thread, and other comments he has made.
I wanted to be in this program because of the "cultural" modifier in rhetoric. But what I thought that meant was that I would get to work with with many ways rhetoric is employed in culture, to bring my experiences in the world of business into the "house that Aristotle built" to better learn how to analyze different genres of real-world writing , and subsequently to apply classical rhetoric techniques and strategies to broaden and develop my own skills with language, and ultimately to learn how to teach that variety of skills to students. I can't imagine for the life of me ever being in a composition or lower division rhetoric course and teaching Foucault, or Lacan, or Althusser, or any of the other dozens of theorists I've been subjected to in the same of English or CCR. That renders my "training" somewhat useless to me intended practice.
So to wind up this very long post, let me just ask that we be a little more careful and a little more precise in furthering this damaging binary of composition and rhetoric. It's bad enough that we have a field still subordinated to "literature" or the critical theory urge of many English departments; we don't need to further divide ourselves. I found it very disturbing in my English courses when instructors attempted to draw lines between the "writers" meaning the creative writing/MFA students, and the "scholars," of the MA/PhD students. It was a ridiculous division and I said so in class. We, the MA folks, weren't all caught up in theory, some of us really appreciated literature, and those writers in the room knew a lot more about analyzing forms and plots and characters, etc., than we did. We had plenty we could learn from them, and I fought against the needless attempts at divisivness. Much as I am doing here. The creation of text, whether written, visual, hybrid, digital, or whatever, is also an exercise in rhetoric. I think we do ourselves more good by seeking the "and" rather than the "or".
Posted by cageyer at March 1, 2005 11:30 AM
Comments
I would agree that rhet is not privileged in CCR, simply because when I found myself following this track (I didn't originally "choose" it--I simply had taken, nearly by chance, more rhet track courses), I had several faculty people cautioning me against being a "rhet" person. I would say that we have a skewed idea that rhet is "theoretical" and that comp is "practical," and I don't think that at all.
I am here because I was promised a certain freedom to delve into scholarship in an interdisciplinary, wide-angled fashion; rhetoric INDEED encompasses every language and communicative act. Rhetoric did not begin with the house that Aristotle built, and it certainly didn't end there, either (though I understand you're not arguing this).
I suppose it really depends on what you choose to define as rhetoric and what you believe it means to study it.
Funny: I'm working over in the geography dept this semester, and we had a guest speaker a few days ago (Jim Newman) who has been in the GEO dept for nearly 30 years. He talked about the state of geography as a field and discipline. They (GEO people) are as self-conscious and divided as we; Dr. Newman could have been talking about comp/rhet. While their divisions run along human geography/physical geography lines--there are members of the field who believe the divide should not exist at all; that physical geographers (who are cartographers and GIS people) are actually doing work about/on humans, and are therefore human geographers TOO, whether they like it or not.
I would agree that rhet and comp lines are blurry at best, and this blurring supports my general contention that nearly ANY non-fiction author, whether it's Gorgias or Burke or Ehrenreich, can be a text to take up in a comp class because you can teach rhetorical analysis from nearly any text. Any text. Hell, I'll grant you can use fiction and poetry. I'm probably setting myself up to fail without more qualifiers, but you know what I mean. Any text.
And all those crazy theory people you mention are also huge rhetoricians, no? And so maybe it's the approach to the texts, not the texts themselves, that you're objecting to?
I'm not all hot-n-heavy for theory. But you can't be a good practitioner without having something to go from, even if what you're going from is a failed attempt to teach a particular book, someone else's ideas about what might fail and what might succeed, or someone's else's notions of epistemology and ontology: all can shape and inform your own practice, and the more you allow in (or consider and DON'T allow in) the richer your practice. This goes for your students, too, obviously.
The larger idea (the one that promised me I could do nearly anything I wanted to here) is that rhetoric (and comp!) have no real bounds when it comes to other disciplines, either. Consider the WAC/WID movements.
All of this is to say: I think you can do what you came here to do. I think you can. I meant for this comment to reassure you, and I ended up on a small rant, one you'll grant, I hope. :)
Posted by: madeline at March 2, 2005 01:51 PM
Good god. I had no idea how long that ran. Sorry! Talk about a comment=post!
Posted by: madeline at March 2, 2005 01:53 PM